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Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) acts as the first line of adaptive humoral immune defense at mucosal surfaces. A lack of SIgA or the inability to produce antigen-specific SIgA can lead to an increased risk of infections. Dietary intake may improve mucosal immunity by accelerating SIgA secretion. This study investigated the effect of dietary intake of Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom (WBM)...
A high-sugar intake increases heart disease risk in humans. In animals, sugar intake accelerates heart failure development by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can fuel ROS production by providing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for superoxide generation by NADPH oxidase. Conversely, G6PD also facilitates ROS scavenging using...
Diabetes during pregnancy increases the incidences of congenital anomalies, morbidity, and mortality in the mother and her fetus/newborn. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated to be responsible because various antioxidants have been demonstrated to be beneficial in diabetic embryopathy. In this study, we examined the propensity of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) to attenuate embryopathy and OS in pregnant...
Dynapenia (pronounced dahy-nuh-pē-nē-a, Greek translation for poverty of strength, power, or force) is the age-associated loss of muscle strength that is not caused by neurologic or muscular diseases. Dynapenia predisposes older adults to an increased risk for functional limitations and mortality. For the past several decades, the literature has largely focused on muscle size as the primary cause...
Malnourished patients suffer from higher morbidity and mortality rates than well-nourished patients do. However, few studies have controlled the outcomes for the underlying illnesses. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among patients admitted to the internal medicine ward and to determine whether malnutrition is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in these settings...
Evidence on factors associated with misreporting of energy intake in children and adolescents is sparse, particularly in non-Western countries. We examined the characteristics of under- and over-reporters of energy intake in Japanese children and adolescents.This study included 25 761 Japanese boys and girls 6 to 15 y old. Energy intake was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire...
To evaluate the association between serum concentrations of complement factor-3 (C3) with anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle features in healthy young adults.From 157 young healthy adults 18 to 35 y old, anthropometric measurements and body composition, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and lifestyle data were collected and analyzed. Blood samples were collected after a 12-h fast for...
Chemotherapeutic agents induce small intestinal mucositis that is characterized structurally by crypt loss and villus atrophy and functionally by absorptive and barrier impairments. We studied the effect of selected individual vitamins and multiple-vitamin mixture supplementation in modulating cisplatin-induced intestinal damage and apoptosis.Thirty-six male Wistar/NIN rats 20 wk old and fed the control...
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Among various functional foods with an antioxidant effect, probiotic foods have been reported to repress oxidative stress. The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the effects of probiotic and conventional yogurt on blood glucose and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients.Sixty-four patients with...
The administration of glutamine (Gln), which is depleted in critical illness, is associated with an improvement of gut metabolism, structure, and function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intravenous Gln and its galenic formulation, l-alanyl-l-glutamine dipeptide (AlaGln), on the intestinal microcirculation during experimental endotoxemia using intravital fluorescence microscopy...
Controversies exist as to the suitability of various nutrition screening tools for various age groups, the incorporation of age and age-related criteria into some tools, and the procedures associated with tool selection.Reviews of the literature and national and local datasets were used to identify the types of screening tools available for different age groups, the origins of age-related criteria,...
Host defense and latency determinants in viral recurrent dermatologic infections are not entirely understood, as conventional protocols are inadequate to achieve fast healing and relapse prevention. Endogenously produced oxygen/nitrogen reactive species (ROS/RNS) are essential for antiviral immune defense, while their excess may aggravate skin inflammation. Here, we sought a nutritional approach capable...
There is substantial evidence that the low intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) is a major risk factor for many nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. The purpose of our study was to assess FV consumption and the variables that influence FV consumption among Chinese people age 60 and older.Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009 China Health...
The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of zinc- and micronutrient-rich food supplementation compared with ayurvedic zinc tablets on the blood levels of zinc and vitamin A in adolescent girls.One hundred eighty apparently healthy schoolgirls (12.5 ± 0.85 y old) were recruited for a 10-wk intervention trial. They were randomized to three groups: one group received a food supplement that...
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has several benefits, including body fat reduction, as proved in animals. However, the results of CLA-induced body composition alterations in humans are inconsistent, and no related data are available for Chinese populations. This study aimed to determine whether CLA affects body weight (BW) loss and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese subjects.In this randomized,...
Energy restriction decreases fat mass and fat-free mass. Our aim was to prevent the latter using type and timing of protein nutrition as tools.Young male Wistar rats were given a high-energy diet for 5 wk and then energy restricted and fed a high-protein diet containing caseins, milk-soluble proteins (MSP), or a casein–MSP mixture (n = 9 per group) as the only source of protein for 3 wk. Food intake...
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